24 January 2026 | Santosh Hospitals

They arrive without warning—a sudden intake of breath followed by the familiar “hic!” sound. Hiccups are among the most common and curious reflexes of the human body. Almost everyone experiences them at some point, whether as a brief annoyance after a meal or an interruption during a serious conversation. While hiccups are usually harmless and short-lived, frequent or long-lasting episodes can be uncomfortable and worrying, especially for children and elderly patients.

Understanding why hiccups happen, recognizing their signs, and knowing the right treatment options can help patients and caregivers manage them calmly and effectively.

What Are Hiccups?

A hiccup is an involuntary reflex caused by a sudden spasm of the diaphragm—the muscle that plays a key role in breathing. When this muscle contracts unexpectedly, air rushes into the lungs. Almost immediately, the vocal cords close, stopping the airflow and producing the distinctive “hic” sound.

This entire process happens automatically and involves a network of nerves connecting the brain, diaphragm, and throat. When these nerves are irritated or overstimulated, hiccups can occur.

Why Do Hiccups Occur?

In most cases, hiccups are triggered by simple, everyday factors. Common causes in both adults and children include:

• Eating too quickly or overeating
• Swallowing excess air while eating or drinking
• Consuming very hot or very cold foods or beverages
• Drinking carbonated drinks or alcohol
• Sudden changes in temperature
• Emotional stress, excitement, or anxiety
• Smoking or exposure to smoke

In infants and young children, hiccups are especially common and usually harmless. They often occur after feeding or crying and typically resolve on their own without treatment.

However, hiccups that last more than 48 hours (persistent hiccups) or continue for weeks (intractable hiccups) may indicate an underlying medical condition. These can include digestive disorders, nerve irritation, metabolic imbalances, or, rarely, neurological issues. Such cases require medical evaluation.

Signs and Symptoms of Hiccups

The main symptom is the repeated “hic” sound, often accompanied by a jerking sensation in the chest or upper abdomen. While most episodes are painless, prolonged hiccups may cause:

• Chest or abdominal discomfort
• Difficulty eating or drinking
• Disturbed sleep
• Fatigue or weakness
• Social discomfort or embarrassment

In children, persistent hiccups may also lead to irritability or feeding difficulties.

How to Stop Hiccups: Simple Home Remedies

Most hiccups stop on their own within a few minutes. When they don’t, several safe and commonly used remedies may help by interrupting the hiccup reflex.

Breathing and Swallowing Techniques

• Hold your breath for 10–20 seconds, then breathe out slowly
• Sip cold water slowly
• Swallow a teaspoon of sugar or honey
• Drink water in one continuous gulp
• Breathe gently into a paper bag (never plastic and stop if dizzy)

Physical Maneuvers

• Gently pull the tongue forward
• Press lightly just below the breastbone
• Massage the neck gently on one side (with caution)

These methods work by stimulating certain nerves or increasing carbon dioxide levels in the blood, which can help relax the diaphragm.

Medical Treatment Options

For persistent hiccups, treatment focuses on managing the root cause. Options may include:

• Medications to relax the diaphragm or calm nerve activity
• Treatment of digestive issues such as acid reflux
• Correction of metabolic or electrolyte imbalances
• In rare cases, specialized procedures for severe, intractable hiccups

Early medical evaluation can prevent complications and provide relief.

A Reassuring Perspective

Hiccups are usually a harmless reflex and a normal part of human physiology. For most people, they are temporary and easily managed with simple remedies. Awareness and timely care are key, especially when hiccups persist or affect daily life.

Care You Can Trust at Santosh Hospital

At Santosh Hospital, we understand that even common symptoms like hiccups can cause concern when they persist. Our experienced medical team offers comprehensive evaluation and patient-centered care for digestive, neurological, and respiratory conditions that may be linked to persistent hiccups. With advanced diagnostic facilities and compassionate specialists, Santosh Hospital is committed to providing accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and reassurance for patients of all ages. Your health and comfort are always our priority.